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文法a
句子︱文法b︱文
| 很好看的人 |
very good-looking, very interesting |
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大人
小人
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adult(s)
children, a child / minor(s)
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一本書
兩本書
十本書
|
one book
two books
ten books
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一千三百六十五日
not
一三六五日 |
one thousand three hundred sixty-five
days (Numbers that are countable include the digital markers
千，百，十.) |
一百四十日
not
一百四零日 |
140 days (零 is the written form
of zero and is some times expressed as Ｏ.) |
一百日
not
百日
not
一零零日 |
100 days |
二零零三年
and
二六三零零三四九 |
the year 2003
the telephone number 2630 0349
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| 英國人 ／英文書 |
an English person / an English
book |
| 中國人／中文書 |
a Chinese person / a Chinese book |
| 中國姓／美國姓 |
a Chinese (family) name / a USAmerican
(family) name |
我學校 ／你學校
not
我的學校／你的學校 |
my school / your school |
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Ａ國女人
中國女人
|
Country A women
Eg. - Chinese women
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| 女先生／女學生 |
a woman teacher / a woman student |
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Ａ少姐是Ｂ先生的女學生。
錢少姐是高先生的女學生。
|
Miss A is teacher B's girl student.
Eg. - Miss Chin is Mr. Goh's girl student.
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二十塊錢
not
二土錢 |
20 HK dollars（塊 is the counter
for HK dollars. It may be the counter for other money as well,
but I am not certain.) |
多小錢﹖
not
多小塊錢﹖ |
How much money? (Even though money
is countable, it appears incorrect to use the 塊 counter when
asking "How much money?". Of course, no one says "How
many money?" in English either.) |
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Ａ有多少錢﹖Ａ有兩百塊錢。
高先生有多少錢﹖他有兩百塊錢。
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How much money does A have? A has two hundred HK dollars.
Eg. How much money does Mr. Goh have? He has two hundred HK
dollars. (Notice that 兩百塊錢 is used, rather than 二百塊錢. This appears
to be a contradiction with other uses of 二 and 兩. For example,
it appears correct to say 二十 塊錢., rather than 兩十塊錢.)
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| 一百塊錢一本書 |
one hundred HK dollars a book /
one hundred HK dollars per book |
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Ａ給Ｂ二十塊錢，Ｂ給Ａ買兩本英文書。
錢先生給高先生兩百四十塊錢，高先生給錢先生買兩本英文書。
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A gives B 20 HK dollars, B buys A two English books. (Once
again 二十 and 二百.
Eg. - Mr. Chin gives Mr. Goh 240 HK dollars, and Mr. Goh purchases
two English books for Mr. Chin.
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Ａ有多少個Ｂ﹖
錢先生有多少本中國書﹖
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How many B does A have?
Eg. - How many Chinese books does Mr. Chin have? (Notice that
the 本 counter is used with the question word 多少 in this context.
Is it because books are countable, they are not money, or simply
that it makes no difference and the counter can be added or dropped
at will? I do not have the answer.)
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Ａ有多少個Ｂ﹖
錢先生有多少本中國書﹖
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How many B does A have?
Eg. - How many Chinese books does Mr. Chin have?
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這個Ａ有多少Ｂ﹖
這個Ａ有五百四十七個Ｂ。
這個月有多少日﹖這個月有二十八日。
這個學生有多少本書﹖這個有兩本。
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How many A does this B have? This A has 547 B.
Eg. - How many days does this month have? This month has 28
days.
Eg. - How many books does this student have? This one has
two.
Note: It appears that counters are not used when counting
days. Therefore, no counter is required when asking the question
"How many days?". Notice that the 本 counter is used
when asking "How many books?".
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| 一年有多少日﹖ |
How many days are there in one
year? |
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Ａ有多少Ｂ﹖
錢先生有多少錢﹖
這個先生有多少錢﹖這個先生有五百四十七塊錢。
|
How much does A have of B?
Eg. - How much money does Mr. Chin have?
Eg. - How much money does this teacher have. this teacher
has 547 Hong Kong dollars.
Note: In this case no counter is used when asking "How
much money?", but the 塊 counter is used in answer to the
question. This ambivalence is not understood.
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| 第一個人是高先生，他的表是很大表。 |
The first person is Mr. Goh. His
watches are the very large ones. |
| 第三個很高的學生是一個好的學生。 |
The third very tall student is a good student.
Note: The 個 counter is used for counting people and students.
It is also used when ranking them.
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你貴姐﹖
我姐Ａ。
你貴姐﹖
我姐高。
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What is your (family) name? (This is polite expression to
be used with strangers.)
My (family) name is A.
Eg. - What is your name?
My name is Goh. / I am (Mr. Goh / Miss Goh / Ms. Goh / etc.).
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學校有兩個女先生，一個姓Ａ，一個姓Ｂ。
學校有兩個女先生，一個姓高，一箇姓錢。
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The school has two female instructors, one is named A and
the other B.
Eg. - The school has two woman teachers; one is called Goh
and the other Chin
Note: Once again, 姓 refers only to the family name.
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| 姓錢的那個先生是學校有錢的先生。 |
The teacher over there named Chin is the school's wealthy
teacher.
Note 1: Here 姓 is used in the relative clause 姓錢的 - "who
is named Chin" or more simply "named Chin".
Note 2: The placement of the definite article 那 and counter
個 in the phrase 姓錢的那個先生 is also noteworthy. Why, for example,
is the phrase not formulated as 那個姓錢的先生?
Note 3: More ambiguity arises in the phrase 學校有錢的先生. Clearly
the 有 belongs to the phrase 有錢的先生 meaning a wealthy teacher.
Thus, the grammatical function of 學校 must be entirely understood
from context and semantic order. There are no other semantic
clues as to how it functions in the sentence.
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| 四月一日是不是你太太的生日﹖ |
Is April 1 not your wife's birthday?
Note 1: In this case 一日 means the first day of April. Under
different circumstances 一日 means one day.
Note 2: One writes 你太太 rather than 你的太太. In general, the appearance
of the possessive pronoun 的 appears to vary with the relative
closesness of the attribute to the noun it modifies and the
number of modifiers.
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大Ｂ不貴，小Ｂ很貴。
大表不貴，小表很貴。
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Large Bs are not expensive, and little Bs are very expensive.
Eg. - Large watches are not expensive, small watches are ver
expensive.
Note: The expressions 大表 and 小表 appear to refer to different
kinds of watches, rather than specific attributes of different
watches.
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Ａ都很Ｂ很Ｃ。
高小姐都很高很美。
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A is both very B and very C.
Eg. - Miss Goh is both very tall and very beautiful.
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Ａ有兩個Ｂ，一個是大Ｂ，一個是小Ｂ。
錢先生有兩本好看的書，一本是大書，一個是小書。
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A has two B, one is a big B, the other is a little B. (The
big and little Bs are different kinds of Bs with the attributes
big and little, respectively.)
Eg. - Mr. Chin two good books, one is a large book, and the
other is a small one.
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